PAPER
ABOUT
ACEH
Arranged By:
1……………………
2 …………………
SENIOR HIGHT SCOOL
MA.
…………………………….
TAHUN 2022/2023
ACEH
HISTORY
According to
historical records, Aceh was the first place where Islam entered Indonesia and
the place where the first Islamic kingdoms in Indonesia emerged, namely
Peureulak and Pasai. The kingdom built by Sultan Ali Mughayatsyah with its
capital in Bandar Aceh Darussalam (now Banda Aceh) gradually expanded its
territory covering most of the West and East coasts of Sumatra to the Malacca
Peninsula. The presence of this area is getting stronger with the formation of
the Sultanate of Aceh which unites all the small kingdoms in the area.
Therefore
The Sultanate
of Aceh reached its peak at the beginning of the 17th century, during the reign
of Sultan Iskandar Muda. At that time the influence of religion and Islamic
culture was so great in the daily life of the Acehnese, that this area was
nicknamed "Seuramo Mecca" (Veranda of Mecca). This situation did not
last long, because after the death of Sultan Iskandar Muda his successors were
unable to maintain the greatness of the kingdom. So that the position of this
area as one of the great empires in Southeast Asia weakened. This caused the
authority of the kingdom to decline and the influence of outsiders began to
enter.
The Sultanate
of Aceh became the target of Western nations which was marked by the signing of
the London Treaty and the Sumatra Treaty between the British and the Dutch
regarding the arrangement of their interests in Sumatra. The attitude of the
West to control the Aceh region became a reality on March 26, 1873, when the
Dutch declared war on the Sultan of Aceh. This challenge, called the 'Sabi
War', lasted for 30 years and cost a large enough soul to force the last Sultan
of Aceh, Twk. Mohd. Daud to recognize Dutch sovereignty in Aceh. With this recognition
of sovereignty, the Aceh region was officially incorporated administratively
into the Dutch East Indies (Nederlansch Oost-Indie) in the form of a province
which since 1937 turned into a residency until the end of Dutch colonial rule
in Indonesia. The rebellion against the Dutch colonialism was still going on in
remote areas of Aceh.
Then the war
turned against the Japanese who came in 1942. This war ended with the surrender
of Japan to the Allies in 1945. During the war of independence, the contribution
and participation of the Acehnese people in the struggle was very large, so the
First President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. Sukarno gave the nickname as
the "Capital Region" in the Aceh area. Since the Indonesian people
proclaimed independence on August 17, 1945 as an independent and sovereign
nation and state, Aceh is one of the regions or parts of the Republic of
Indonesia as a residency of the Province of Sumatra. Along with the
establishment of the Aceh residency, based on the Decree of the Governor of
North Sumatra Number 1/X dated October 3, 1945, Teuku Nyak Arief was appointed
as Resident. The position of the Aceh region as part of the territory of the
Republic of Indonesia has undergone several changes in status. During the
independence revolution, the Residency of Aceh in early 1947 was under the
administrative area of North Sumatra. In connection with the
Dutch military aggression against the Republic of Indonesia, the Residencies of
Aceh, Langkat and Tanah Karo were designated as military areas domiciled in
Kutaradja (now Banda Aceh) with the Military Governor Teungku Muhammad Daud
Beureueh.
GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION
Geographically,
the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) is located at 20 – 60 North
Latitude and 950 – 980 East Longitude. Borders (sea) with India, Myanmar,
Thailand, and Malaysia. In the east, NAD Province is bordered by sea and land
with North Sumatra Province.
FOOD & DRINK
The most famous Aceh specialties include:
Acehnese noodles.
Mie Aceh, which is a large wet yellow noodle, is made from spices and equipped with vegetables (bean sprouts, cabbage, leeks, tomatoes), and meat (chicken, beef, goat), squid, crab, or shrimp. Mie Aceh can be eaten as noodle soup, fried, or Mie Aceh stir fry. This Acehnese food is very strong with spices, it has a spicy and fresh taste.
Canai bread
Roti Canai Aceh is made from wheat flour which is shaped round and cooked with butter. This bread can be served for those of you who like sweet or salty. For those who like salty, this bread is served with chicken or mutton curry. Meanwhile, for those who like bread with a sweet taste, this Acehnese food can also be served with durian, sugar, and chocolate.
Timphan
Timphan is a type of sweet food from Aceh which is also very famous. Timphan cake has the basic ingredients of glutinous rice flour and coconut milk which is then filled with jackfruit, plantain, sweet potato, pumpkin, grated coconut, or jackfruit. Then, Timphan Cake is steamed wrapped in banana leaf skin. Timphan cake, which is distinctive for its fragrant aroma, has become one of the typical Acehnese foods served at formal events or taken home as Acehnese obligatory souvenirs.
As for the typical Acehnese drinks, the most famous are:
Sanger Coffee
Sanger coffee is a traditional Acehnese coffee made from black coffee, sweetened condensed milk, and sugar brewed with hot water, then filtered using a conical filter. The way of processing is still applying the traditional way.
Iced Coffee Dates
The next traditional Acehnese drink is iced coffee dates. The method of manufacture is Arabica coffee mashed, mixed with hot water, milk, and fresh honey. In closing, this drink is also served with ice cubes to create a refreshing sensation of coffee and dates.
Pull Tea
Teh Tarik is made using sugar, sweetened condensed milk, and tea that is processed by pouring back and forth. Teh Tarik is very well known, both in Indonesia and abroad. Do not be surprised if this drink has foam because the foam will cause a smoothy sensation when drunk.
Ie Seureubet
Ie Seureubet is made by utilizing various types of spices, such as pepper, cloves, cinnamon, ginger, and various other spices. This drink is served warm, so it is suitable to drink when the weather is cold.
Tourist Attraction
Baiturrahman Mosque
The first and most important tourist attraction in Aceh is to visit the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque which has existed since the 1600s.
The Baiturrahman Aceh Grand Mosque was built during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda, with the aim of being a center for teaching religious knowledge. This mosque can accommodate as many as 1900 worshipers, on the outside of the mosque there is a beautiful garden.
And at the time of the Aceh tsunami in 2004, the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque was one of the buildings that remained firmly standing and was used as a place of refuge.
This mosque has undergone renovations up to 5 times as well as several area expansions. Even this mosque had become a shelter for the people of Aceh when the tsunami struck in 2004 ago.
Location: Jl. Moh. Hours No.1, Kp. New, District. Baiturrahman, Banda Aceh City, Aceh
TSUNAMI MUSEUM
The Aceh Tsunami Museum keeps the names of the victims of the 2004 Aceh Tsunami. In addition, there are 22 props, 7 mockups, and 26 photos of the tsunami.
Each level of the Tsunami Museum provides a different atmosphere, this is a tourist spot that you must visit when in Aceh.
Location: Jl. Sultan Iskandar Muda, No. 3, Sukaramai, Baiturrahman District, Banda Aceh City, Aceh.
Entrance ticket: Rp. 2,000, - up to Rp. 10,000,-
Opening hours: 09.00 – 16.00
Lake Lut Tawar
Another natural beauty that Aceh has is a lake located in the Gayo Highlands, named Lake Lut Tawar.
This lake is very wide, looks like an ocean only the water is fresh. That's what lies behind the naming of Lake Lut Tawar.
You can enjoy the beauty of the blue Lut Tawar Lake, also decorated with green hills.
Namely by renting a motor boat to surround the lake or by renting a bicycle. But when you are in Lake Lut Tawar, you are not allowed to swim because it has a depth of 80 meters.
Location: Gayo Highlands, Central Aceh District, Aceh Province.
Ethnicity and Race
The origin of the Acehnese tribe comes from indigenous tribes such as the Mante (Bante) and Lhan tribes. The Mante tribe initially inhabited the Aceh Mulia area and then spread to other places.
The people of Aceh are descendants of various tribes,
tribes, and nations. The ancestors of the Acehnese came from Peninsular
Malaysia, Cham, Cochin, Cambodia.
In addition, there are also many descendants of foreign nationals in Aceh, Arabs and Indians are known to be closely related after the spread of Islam in Aceh. Many Arabs who came to Aceh came from the province of Hadramaut (Yemeni State), as evidenced by their clans al-Aydrus, al-Habsyi, al-Attas, al-Kathiri, Badjubier, Sungkar, Bawazier and others, all of which is an Arab clan from Yemen. They came as clerics and selling. Currently, many of them have intermarried with indigenous Acehnese, and have lost their clan names.
LANGUAGE & RELIGION
The Acehnese language belongs to the Chamic language group, a branch of the Malayo-Polynesian language family, a branch of the Austronesian language family. The languages that have the closest relatives to Acehnese are Cham, Roglai, Jarai, Rade and 6 other languages in the Chamic language family. Other languages that are also related to the Acehnese language are Malay and Minangkabau.
The Directorate General of Population and Civil Registration (Dukcapil) of the Ministry of Home Affairs noted that Aceh's population was 5.38 million in 2021. Of this number, 5.26 million people (98.4%) were Muslims. Thus the majority of the population of Aceh is Muslim.
Meanwhile, the population of Aceh who embraced Christianity reached 1.19%, 0.1% were Catholics, 0.13% were Buddhists. While those who are Hindus, Confucians, and those who follow beliefs are less than 0.01%.
REGIONAL FESTIVAL
Aceh Culinary Festival
This festival is included as one of the top 100 Wonderful Indonesia events. Aceh Culinary Festival is an international culinary festival event organized by the Aceh government through the Aceh Culture and Tourism Office.
Aceh International Rapa'i Festival
This festival is an International Percussion Music Event. This event is one of the steps and commitments of the Aceh Government in preserving sustainable traditional arts as Aceh's cultural identity
Aceh Culture Week
You can enjoy various kinds of cultural-related activities during this event, in addition to colorful cultural parades, you can also watch folk entertainment performances, Acehnese traditional processions, to crafts and folk games.
ACEH SPECIAL TRADITION
SONG
• Aceh Lon Sayang
• Bungong Jeumpa
• Saleum
TRADITIONAL DRESS
Acehnese men's traditional clothing is called Meukasah for the Cekak Musang top and pants. Meukasah clothes are black clothes equipped with golden yellow ornaments. Meanwhile, Cekak Musang pants are loose-fitting trousers.
Traditional Acehnese women's clothing is a long-sleeved bracket shirt with Cekak Musang pants as a subordinate. Baju Kurung is a traditional dress that is very closely related to Malay culture. The shape is loose and does not form a silhouette of a woman's body shape.
TRADITIONAL DANCES
The original traditional dances of the Acehnese are usually the embodiment of the traditional heritage of their ancestors, local folklore, and contain elements of the religion they adhere to. In general, Acehnese dances are performed in groups.
This group of dancers must be of the same gender. Based on the Islamic religion adopted by the majority of the population, it is feared that dancers of the opposite sex will be close together, even touching.
Some of the popular Acehnese dances are Seudati Dance, Likok Pulo Dance, Laweut Dance, Pho Dance, Ratoh Diek Dance, Tarek Pukat Dance, Rabbani Wahed Dance, Ranup Iam Puan Dance, and others.
CUSTOM HOME
A traditional Acehnese house called Krong Bade, this Acehnese traditional house has a stilt house structure. Krong Bade is about 2.5 to 3 meters high from the ground.
This building is deliberately made high to avoid attacks by wild animals and natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes. Most of the materials used to make Krong Bade are wood, starting from the roof, floor, and some other ornaments. The roof is made of woven palm leaves.
The section under the house is used as a place to store food supplies. The upper part of the house is used to receive guests, a place for deliberation, as well as a place to rest for the owner of the house.
TRADITIONAL WEAPON
The typical weapon of the Acehnese is the Rencong. Traditional weapons are very famous and their shape is similar to a keris. In the past, rencong was the weapon of the Aceh Sultanate. Rencong has many types, some of which are Rencong Meucugek, Rencong Pudoi, Rencong Meupucok, and Rencong Meukuree.
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